Prejudice and Stereotyping in the Movie, Crash :: Film Movies Racism Race

Prejudice and Stereotyping in the Movie, Crash "Crash" is a movie that exposes different kinds of social and multicultural differences, giving us a quick example of how these conducts affect our society. Two of the behaviors observed, are Prejudice and Stereotyping. Identified as the causes of where all the events eradicate. These behaviors are viewed as thoughts and feelings that almost everyone has felt more than once. In the first scene we observe a Muslim man inside a firearm store, attempting to buy a gun. The owner is a white Caucasian male that presents a negative attitude towards the customer because of his Muslim background. This feeling triggers in the owner, negative attitudes based on the assimilation and stereotypes with the Muslim race. Being immediately associated with the Al Qaeda terrorist group, which was responsible for suicidal bombers that have killed thousand of Americans. This negative attitude and violence observed in this particular scene, is an example of Prejudice, known as a negative feeling and predisposition of behavior towards a group or any member belonging to that group (**). It is an issue that although it has always existed in humanity, it would be though to have dissipated in the 21st century. Taking in count that now in the in days we are better informed and educated to understand that one group's actions shouldn't be applied to stereotype the whole race. As far as personal experience, living in Miami,-Florida, as a none-Cuban Latin, makes it easier to have an insight in all kinds of prejudice and stereotypes within the same Hispanic society. This behavior makes it hard to not feel negatively judged by others who do belong to the majority group. Unfortunately prejudice is not simply an attitude that remains internal to its owner; it impacts behavior. When negative attitudes on the basis of differences translate into behavior, we have as a result, discrimination and the social inequity it produces. Therefore, efforts to reduce prejudice are well advised to take the social context into consideration when focusing on the individuals' attitudes. This is an issue not only found in America but in the whole world. In our global economy requiring functional and respectful relationships between nations, prejudice and stereotypes can be a destructive force both in the world and in individual societies, especially in diverse ones. Prejudice becomes threatening when it reaches its most extreme form, known as Bigotry.

Equal Opportunity in Early Childhood Essay

Children should be treated and respected as individuals in their own rights. Like any individual, children have rights to shelter, food and education. They too should be treated fairly and equally. Many a times, we have failed to recognise these needs and as adults, we think we know best for the child. If we are able to recognise these rights, it will greatly assist in a child’s development both emotionally and spiritually. According to Bruce and Meggit (2002), â€Å"equality of opportunity means opening up access for every child and family to full participation in early childhood services. There can be no quality in early childhood services unless there is equality of opportunity†. Children should not be denied of their rights based on their race, nationality, gender or abilities, boys and girls should not be treated differently. Also, equal opportunities can be defined in general as not discriminating a person by his or her race, gender, family orientation or whether they belonged to the minority in the society. I truly agree with this statement and advocates for equal opportunity to be practiced in every way. It is now the 21st century but can we safely say that children in this world are treated equally? Some parents tend to treat their children differently if they are a boy, especially in the Eastern culture; succession is through boys instead of girls. Several parents have stereotyped the colours that their children should wear, boys should be in blue and gals should be in pink. Stereotyping basically means unduly fixed mental impression (Oxford, p. 546). Society too, plays a role in influencing the parents when it comes to bringing up their children in this part of the world and to a certain extent the children’s interest will be sacrificed. Children are expected to excel academically and those who do not will be branded as slow and they will be frowned upon by the society due to the competitive environment. Parents are ? pressured’ to have an academically sound child and as a result, children will feel ? inferior’ if they are unable to excel academically and this would hinder their fitting into the society in the future. In order to uphold the rights of the children in the world, UNICEF introduced the â€Å"Convention on the Rights of the Child† which was adopted by Unite Nations General Assembly on the 20th November 1989. (http://www. unicef. org/malaysia/UNICEF_FS_-_Understanding_the_ CRC. pdf). There are four principles that the Convention rests on and they are; non discrimination, best interests of the child, the child’s right to life, survival and development and respect for the views of the child . (http://www. unicef. org/malaysia/UNICEF_FS_-_Understanding_the_ CRC. pdf ). The main idea of having this convention is to recognize that children should be treated fairly as human beings and they should be brought up in a safe and conducive environment in order for them to realize their full potential in life. Malaysia signed the convention in March 1995 and being a multi cultural country that also advocates for human rights has made many changes to its legislation to adopt the convention especially in the area of education and healthcare. However, a question that many Malaysians will ask today; are the changes sufficient to provide the children in Malaysia equal rights? Here, let us look into the two major areas to analyse the impact of the convention on Malaysia’s legislation concerning children. According to article 28 of the CRC, â€Å"The child has a right to education, ? † (CRC, p. 19). Malaysia however has reservation on seven articles and article 28 is amongst them. The preschool education is Malaysia is under the responsibility of a few government departments and social agencies such as the Ministry of Health, Ministry of National Unity and Social Development, Ministry of Rural Development and also several states departments (http://porta;. unesco. org/education/en/ev. php-URL_ID=46167&URL _DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201. html) Under the Child Care Centre Act 1985, there are 2 categories of childcare centre, one being a home based childcare centre which takes in less than 10 children. The other being an institution based centre which caters for 10 or more children (The Star, 24th March, 1996). The curriculum guidelines of pre-schools are guided by the Ministry of Education and it has to provide a holistic development of the child being in social skills, intellectual skills, physical skills and spiritual skills (www. unesco. org/wef/countryreports /malaysia/Rapport_1. html) which is in accordance to article 29 of the CRC (CRC, p. 21) Due to the increasing awareness of the importance of early childhood education and also the increase in women joining the workforce, many private childcare centres have sprung up especially in the urban areas. These centres are mostly run by the private sectors that cater to mostly working parents from the middle to high income families and they charge a fee for their services. For the poor or rural areas children, the pre school programs are run by the government agencies and to a certain extent Non Government Organizations (NGOs). (http://unescodoc. unesco. org/images/0012/001279/127984e. pdf). The next area that Malaysia made changes to embrace the principles in the Convention is the healthcare policy. Child mortality in Malaysia has decreased significantly due to the effective healthcare programs that the government has implemented since the First Malaysia Plan 1996 (http://www. unicef. org/malaysia/ /children_4162. html). The most widely available health care service in Malaysia is public hospitals and for the rural community, there are over 1600 community health clinics (http://www. childpolicyintl. org/countries/Malaysia. html). Generally, children in Malaysia are provided with very comprehensive health services from vaccination to clean water supply and also sanitation. The government has taken steps to promote health programs to children in the rural areas integrating the promotion of health in its rural development strategies and programs. This is in accordance to Article 24 of the CRC where it states â€Å"The child has the right to the highest standard of health and medical care attainable†. Although Malaysia has taken various measures to improve its education system to embrace the CRC, sad to say that there are still children in Malaysia who are deprived of the right to education. This is especially apparent in vulnerable groups like children from the indigenous populations and also children in the rural areas. The indigenous children in Sabah and Sarawak have very little access to education and the curriculum in government schools do not cater to them culturally. Also, Malaysia has lifted its reservation on Article 22 which guarantees the child’s rights seeking refugees’ status in 1995 but until today, there have not been changes when it comes to undocumented children (New Sunday Times, June 25th 2006). Undocumented children basically mean children who are born in Malaysia to migrant parents. Children in this category are deprived of education due to fact that they are not even recognized as Malaysian citizen. Although children in Malaysia are rather well taken care of in terms of healthcare services, there are still children who do not have access to their basic needs like healthcare. These are children born to poor parents, sex workers, alcoholics and sex workers. (New Straits Times, p. 19). Also, with the increase in HIV/AIDS cases in Malaysia and many children and women from the rural areas are still complacent of this disease. A child’s formative years are extremely important as it will affect their growth in the later years. If Malaysia sees the significance of its younger generation, the government should seriously look into its commitment to uphold the Convention guidelines Firstly, awareness amongst the community is extremely important if Malaysia seeks to promote equal opportunity in the early childcare settings. Government should take steps to promote awareness amongst the people in order to change their attitudes towards children and this can be done by including the CRC as part of the school curriculum (The Star, p. N47). Secondly, early childhood education should be made compulsory to all children in urban or rural areas and available to all children in regardless of their background as every child has the right to education. Curriculum for children below the age of four should also address the current issues like AID/HIV and sex education. Materials and books used in the early childhood education should contain pictures of the different ethnic group in Malaysia. Activities organized by the childcare centre should be diversified as this would promote respect of various cultures amongst the children. More importantly, the curriculum should be sensitive to children from various cultural backgrounds especially the indigenous group. After all, Malaysia takes pride in its diversity of culture. Teachers in the early childcare sector should be trained in gender studies and also human rights (http://www. europeanchildrensnetwork. org/resources/infoDetail. asp? ID =12592). As childcare practitioner, the attitude of the person is utmost important in making sure that children under their care is not being discriminated. They have to be fully aware of the child’s rights in order for the child to grow up in a positive environment as it is damaging for the child’ development. A child’s potential to learn and develop their full potential should not be limited by prejudice (http://ferl. qia. org. uk/content_files/resources/organisations/caderdale_ council/sharon_chapman/equalops/prejandisc. htm).

What Is Ancient Greek Comedy

Aristotle describes the genre of comedy and especially how it differs from tragedy. Among other distinctions, Aristotle says comedy represents men as worse than they are in real life, whereas tragedy shows them better. Tragedy uses real people, whereas comedy uses stereotypes. Aristotle says the plot for comedy came originally from Sicily. Also Known As: Attic Comedy Types of Greek Comedy Greek comedy is divided into Old, Middle, and New Comedy. Aristophanes is the author of the earliest Old Comedy we possess, The Acharnians, produced in 425. Middle Comedy (c.400-c.323) ran from roughly the end of the Peloponnesian War until the death of Alexander the Great. No complete plays from this period survive. New Comedy (c.323-c.263) is exemplified by Menander. The Lenaea Festival In ancient Athens, there were annual competitions not only in tragedy  but also in  comedy at the City Dionysia, starting in 486 B.C. The Lenaea festival started having comedy competitions in 440. There were normally 5 comedies that competed, but during the Peloponnesian War, the number was reduced to 3. Unlike the writers of tragedy who put on a series of 4 plays, the writers of comedy produced one comedy apiece. Sources: Comedy The Concise Oxford Companion to Classical Literature. Ed. M.C. Howatson and Ian Chilvers. Oxford University Press, 1996.Aristotle Poetics

The Poems Of John Keats - 989 Words

Although John Keats didn’t live a very long life, he still left a pretty good size mark on literature. This thought only intrigues many writers and readers to wonder what he could have possibly accomplished had he not died at such a young age and been able to continue writing. He was born into the working class and very early in his life developed a reputation for fighting, and it was not until he met one of his close friends that he became interested in poetry. The other two writers in this section, Byron and Shelley, were both aristocrats. Clearly Keats was not and Aristocrat considering he was born into the working class. Even though Keats didn’t live a very long life he still encountered many ups and downs in his early years that led him to write some of the poems that he did. The four poems that we read from John Keats collection would be On First Looking into Chapman’s Homer, When I Have Fears That I May Cease to Be, Ode to a Nightingale, and Ode on a Greci an Urn. One message from each of those poems would be ambition, death, mortality, and fame. To begin with, one message from the poem On First Looking into Chapman’s Homer would be ambition. John Keats shows his ambition and eager in this poem by showing how badly he wanted to become a well-known poet. He speaks of how many ancient literatures that he has read and how he thinks he could be remembered as one of the best poets to ever live. â€Å"Much have I traveled in the realms of gold, and many goodly states and kingdomShow MoreRelatedJohn Keats s Poem Analysis1328 Words   |  6 PagesUnderlying Methods of Communication in Keats’ â€Å"To Autumn† In â€Å"To Autumn,† a poem by John Keats, we see a multi-leveled examination of mortality concealed within a seemingly simple ode to the fall season. The poem opens with an overwhelming appeal to the senses. Anyone familiar with the common motifs of Autumn will identify heavily with the first stanza, for Autumn is a time of ripening pumpkins and relaxed musings. The second stanza has a tone reminiscent of the feeling that accompanies the endRead MoreThe Poem I Have By John Keats1267 Words   |  6 PagesThe poem I have is â€Å"To Autumn,† and the author is John Keats. The direct meaning of the poem is quite clear in the beginning of reading it; John Keats is writing a letter to autumn as he does not want it to go and for good reason. The indirect meaning is not clear at all. I thought it could possibly be about a relationship, but the poem just did not speak to me in this way. When I looked it up, I found people saying that it could be a relationship, but there i s not a clear answer to what the indirectRead MoreAnalysis Of John Keats s Poem2045 Words   |  9 PagesWhat is the poem about and what is happening in the poem? This poem revolves around the words â€Å"to sleep† and can show an in depth meaning about these two words. In this poem John Keats was explaining that one of life’s best pleasures in this world is to â€Å"to sleep†. This is because people are asleep and their mind can be free, also because lives troubles can be set aside. When sleeping people can place themselves in a peaceful environment. Through the later verses though, he expresses the only solutionRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem Ode Of Spring By John Keats Essay1376 Words   |  6 PagesIn the poem Ode to Autumn by John Keats, my initial thoughts of this work is how the author does a beautiful job describing the season. The way that he makes his words come to life. The poem makes you feel as if you are right there in the midst of autumn. As I read through the poem, it was as if I could inhale the autumn air. I think the thing that I loved most about this piece is the mere fact that it is my most favorite season of the year. When the poem talks about the songs of spring, it tellsRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem Ode Of A Nightingale By John Keats910 Words   |  4 Pagesseparation/connection. In the poem â€Å"Ode to a Nightingale† written by John Keats, the poet seems to be praising the nightingale for its melodious tune but upon further investigation it is revealed that he is actually using the nightingale and its song as a means of escaping the realities of human life. This poem is about the intense feelings the poet has about the transience about the nature of reality. Keats discovers the creativity of human life and the morality throughout the poem. The poet is in searchRead MoreJohn Keats s Poem, The Darkling Thrush1952 Words   |  8 Pagesescaping. Some of these poets are able to become one with nature, but others seem to be out of touch with nature and its beauty. In John Keats’s poem â€Å"Ode to a Nightingale† he feels enraptured the moment he listens to the songbird and feels that beauty and love, as an embodiment of art, are imperishable having perpetual springtime freshness. As for Thomas Hardy’s poem â€Å"The Darkling Thrush,† he feels deserted and disappointed that his imagination could not detain him for long in its world, but is broughtRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem Ode Of A Nightingale By John Keat965 Words   |  4 Pages In John Keat’s Poem, â€Å"Ode to a Nightingale,† Keats uses the narrators voice to highlight the beauty of nature in contrast to the industrial world around him. Publi shed in 1819, Keats reacts to the rapidly industrialized world by writing a highly romantic poem that showcases the beauty of nature in an ethereal way. He uses many poetic elements that help to accentuate the poem’s theme, notably imagery. Imagery plays a great role in â€Å"Ode to a Nightingale† by creating the mood of the poem and establishingRead More Two Romantic poems concerning nature are To Autumn by John Keats1459 Words   |  6 PagesTwo Romantic poems concerning nature are To Autumn by John Keats and Percy Bysshe Shelley’s To a Skylark. These two poems celebrate different aspects of nature: ‘Compare how nature is presented two Romantic poems’ Poets of the Romantic Era tried to express their feelings of beauty, nature and decay through poems and other means of literature. Two Romantic poems concerning nature are â€Å"To Autumn† by John Keats and Percy Bysshe Shelley’s â€Å"To a Skylark†. These two poems celebrate differentRead MoreComparing John Keats s Poem, Ode Of A Nightingale And Ode On A Grecian Urn Essay1291 Words   |  6 PagesComparing Keats Picture this: you have been told by doctors that you have a few years left to live. You will live the rest of your life in increasing pain and difficulty, knowing your death may be right around the corner. This was the exact situation John Keats faced in 1819 at the age of twenty-four. Upon hearing his diagnosis of tuberculosis, which was considered a death sentence at the time, Keats decided to dedicate his life to writing poetry. His work is viewed with high esteem and he is consideredRead MoreA Poem from the Romantic Period, La Belle Dame sans Merci by John Keats711 Words   |  3 PagesJohn Keats was an English poet whose short lived writing career was in the early 19th century, near the end of what is known as the Romantic period. This time wasnt just about love stories; it was a social and political movement as well as a literary one. The Romantic period in literature was reacting to the 18th century obsession with distinct order, rationality, and a quest for scientific preci sion known as the Enlightenment. The writers during the Romantic period felt that these thinkers from

Online Learning Is Good Or Traditional Learning - 847 Words

The use of technology in the 21st century has been spreading very fast, and it is very helpful in our busy lives. We do many things like banking, shopping, and communication using technology in our daily lives. And, the next big thing, which has been growing very fast, is online learning. It is very easy to take online classes via internet. People taking online classes do not go to a college campus, so they do everything from home using technology. Some people think that online learning is not good because it has many drawbacks. For example, online learning involves cheating and lack of class interaction, so they do not want to see it in their education system. On the other hand, other people think that it is very helpful and offers new learning opportunities. However, everyone has a different opinion about online learning, and it depends on how they see it. Online learning is as good as traditional learning because it is very flexible, convenient, and saves money. The second reason is that online learning is very convenient. It helps students to learn at their own pace. Some student learns quickly and easily, but others take time to understand things completely. Taking online classes helps them to review the chapter material over and over again, which is stored online until the end of the semester. For example, if a student did not understand some concepts of the chapter, he or she can go back to that saved material and work on that again. Also, online learning helpsShow MoreRelatedOnline vs Traditional Learning Essay1723 Words   |  7 PagesOnline degrees are becoming an ever more trendy method to receive a college education and many students are switching to online education due to the quality of material, ease, and the level of flexibility in distance education programs. Recently, the internet has developed into a reliable capital of information for college seekers. Everything from applying for financial assistance to taking a course can be done online. N ow, a student can even obtain online degrees from one of many schools offeringRead MoreOn-Line Teaching vs Traditional Teaching1302 Words   |  6 PagesTraditional Teaching vs Online Teaching Nowadays, education becomes one of the important things in human life. Most of the individual in the earth is aware to obtain the education. Besides that, every country always concern on developing the quality of the education to improve the human resources. If the quality of human resources of a country is good, indeed, the quality of that country will be good too. As the matter of fact, we cannot deny that the improvement of technology really influenceRead MoreCourseing : Challenging Traditional Education810 Words   |  4 Pagesschools three most popular computer science course online to more than 160,000 students in over 190 countries (Stacey, 214). This was the first large-scale MOOC in the United States of America. Although the size of the course was large the courses were deemed a failure due to the lack of interactivity and use of resources (Stacey, 2014). This has proved to be an overall flaw with the MOOC course model. MOOCs have been termed self-service learning and crowdsourced teaching, especially in the STEMRead MoreOnline Learning and the Adult Learner Essay1715 Words   |  7 Pagesadults are capable of today. The gadgets and gizmos available now would only be dreams then. Technology, and the ever growing availability of mobile technology, has moved us light years ahead from the days of learning solely by experience, hardbound books and in brick-and-mortar learning establishments. However, there seems to be a growing gap between the knowledge necessary to succeed in life, and the things learned and available yesteryear. Today more than ever, adult learners require solutionsRead MoreOnline Class : An Emerging Form Of Learning Of The Internet Age969 Words   |  4 PagesTaking online class s is an emerging form of learning of the internet age that did not really exist 20 to 30 years ago. The technology was not there before for the large scale of distanced learning allowing people that d p reviously have very limited options, the ability to learn from across the world that we can easily see from today. Many people can now learn and get many respected degrees from respected Colleges and Universities without as much of a need to be in a set classroom at a set timeRead MoreOnline Learning Vs. Traditional Classroom1586 Words   |  7 Pagesonly way to obtain a good job and secure our future. Once a student has decided to pursue. The traditional learning experience is sold as we tour campuses. This is the way higher education has been completed since its inception. Society has evolved and so has the ways to obtain higher learning. Students now have the option to complete their learning online, as well as, the traditional route. Online learning has been looked at as a lower level of learning, compared to the traditional classroom settingRead MoreThe Distance Learning Program Is Not A New Instructional As It Has Really Been Since The 1700s?1746 Words   |  7 PagesDistanc e-learning program is not a new instructional as it has really been since the 1700s. However, traditional education styles that the teacher standing in front of a classroom is still the mainstream of education at the present. Distance learning has a satisfied and limits faced by teacher but it focuses on student’s requirements and have to use computer and Internet to communicate between learner and teacher. In term of traditional education are related with experience teaching for example,Read MoreOnline Courses are Superior to Traditional Courses Essay1566 Words   |  7 PagesIn 1999, Mark Bonner of PricewaterhouseCoopers accurately predicted, â€Å"Online learning will rapidly become one of the most cost-effective ways to educate the world’s expanding workforce.† Fifteen years later, his statement is truer than ever, as the price of going to a four-year university skyrockets, and technology required to get the same degree online becomes more available. Accor ding to the National Center for Education Statistics, from 2000 to 2010, the average cost for undergraduate tuitionRead MoreThe Debate: Online Learning Versus Brick and Mortar Learning1540 Words   |  7 Pagestaking the traditional classroom courses. It was a major struggle for me because I was working full-time and part-time jobs while working on an Associates Degree. What should have taken me only two years to complete it took me four because I was not able to work in all the classes needed to graduated in a two year time period my work crazy hours and take care of my family would not allow it. After getting my Associates Degree I knew I wanted to continue my education but traditional classroom learningRead MorePros and Cons of Online Versus Traditional Learning1046 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ Com/155 12/08/2013 Jaqueline O’Neill Pros and Cons of Online Versus Traditional Learning Higher education is a big step in a person’s life. There are many decisions that need to be thought out and made. Education is something which is very important in a person’s life and career choices. Whether one chooses to get his or her education on the Internet or through the traditional fashion should be based on that person’s general needs. There are pros and cons to each method

Patrina Caruana free essay sample

Patrina Caruana Audiology Assignment 1AS(a) How do the scopes of practice differ between audiologists and speech-language pathologists (SLPs)?Audiologist and speech language pathologist are both healthcare professionals devoted to addressing different aspects of communication breakdown. ASHA defines audiologists as individuals who provide comprehension diagnostic and rehabilitative services for all areas of auditory, vestibular, and related disorders (ASHA, 1996). Audiologists are dedicated to the prevention, identification, and evaluation of hearing disorders (including balance disorders) (Kushla 4). Audiologist work with clients to select and evaluate hearing aids and the implementation of rehabilitation of individuals with hearing loss or balance function. Audiologist can subspecialize in several areas and can be clinicians, therapist, teachers, research investigators, administrators or consultants (Kushla 4). The overall goal of the provision of audiology services should be to optimize and enhance the ability of an individual to hear, as well as to communicate in his/her every day or natural environment (Asha SOP audio 3). A speech language pathologists objective is to optimize individuals ability to communicate and swallow, thereby improving quality of life (Asha SOP SLP 3). Speech-language pathologists are committed to the provision of culturally and linguistically appropriate services and to the consideration of diversity in scientific investigations of human communication and swallowing (Asha SOP SLP 3). The scope of practice of speech-language pathologists includes addressing typical and atypical communication and swallowing in areas such as speech sound production, resonance, voice, fluency, language comprehension ; expression, cognition, feeding ; swallowing, and other oral-motor functions. (b) How do the scopes of practice relate to the education of students in each profession? The education preparation of SLPs and Audiologist differ. To be a speech language pathologists, you must obtain a ASHA Certificate of Clinical Competence in Speech-Language Pathology (CCC-SLP), which requires a masters, doctoral, or other post baccalaureate degree. ASHA certified speech-language pathologists complete a supervised postgraduate professional experience and pass a national examination as described in the ASHA certification standards. Speech language pathologists may need to obtain other credentials such as state licensure or a teaching certification based on their individual employment requirements. (Planning 1). A masters in SLP will require an average commitment of two years full-time study in a masters program. Afterwards a clinical doctoral degree can be pursued in Speech Language Pathology. A doctoral degree in audiology (PhD or AuD) is needed to properly prepare a student for entry into the professional world of audiology. The doctoral curriculum will provide academic and clinical preparation for the identification, diagnosis, prevention and evidence-based treatment of hearing, balance, and other auditory disorders for people of all ages. The time-to-degree is 3 or 4 years of full-time study. (Planning 2). A student must then apply for an ASHA certification in audiology (i.e., Certificate of Clinical Competence in Audiology [CCC-A]). Demonstration of continued professional development is both SLP and Audiology is highly recommended for success in both fields. (c) What do audiologists do in their profession that is different from what SLPs do in their profession? Audiologist conduct comprehensive audiometric evaluations (CAE), evaluating of middle ear function using emittance measures (tympanometry, acoustic reflex). Audiologists also perform auditory brainstem response (ABR) evaluations, intraoperative monitoring of CN VII and CN VIII, optoacoustic emission (OAE) evaluations of outer hair cell function, electronystagmography (ENG) evaluations and vestibular rehabilitation. Cochlear implant programming/mapping of speech processor and prescriptive fittings of hearing aid and assistive listening devices (aka hearing assistance technology) are also tasks performed by an audiologist (Asha Scope Audio 6). The clinical services of an SLP include service delivery decisions (e.g., admission/eligibility, frequency, duration, location, discharge/dismissal) and context(s) for service delivery (e.g. , home, school, telepractice, community, providing intervention and support services for children and adults diagnosed with speech and language disorders (and some with auditory processing disorders (Asha SOP SLP 7). SLPs use instrumentation (like videofluoroscopy, electromyography, nasendoscopy, stroboscopy, endoscopy, nasometry, computer technology) to observe, collect data, and measure parameters of communication and swallowing or other upper aerodigestive functions. Slps counsel individuals, families, coworkers, educators, and other persons in the community regarding acceptance, adaptation, and decision making about communication and swallowing. They also help in the developing, selecting, and prescribing multimodal augmentative and alternative communication systems, including unaided strategies (e.g., manual signs, gestures) and aided strategies (e.g. , speech-generating devices, manual communication boards, picture schedules) (Asha SOP SLP 7). SLPs address the behaviors (e.g., perseverative or disruptive actions) and environments that affect communication and swallowing. They aid in the selection fitting, and establishing effective use of prosthetic/adaptive devices for communication and swallowing. This service does not include the selection or fitting of sensory devices used by individuals with hearing loss or other auditory perceptual deficits, which falls within the scope of practice of audiologists (ASHA, 2004). (d) How are these two professions similar?Speech-language pathology and audiology are both mentioned to be dynamic and continuously developing professions. Ashas website wording is as such to not exclude emerging areas of practice in both fields. Both fields also end themselves to collaborative service delivery in schools, transdisciplinary practice in early intervention settings. I noticed that screening individuals for hearing loss or middle ear pathology using conventional pure-tone air conduction methods (including otoscopic inspection), otoacoustic emissions screening, and/or screening tympanometry and providing services to individuals with hearing loss and their families/ caregivers (e.g., auditory training for children with cochlear implants and hearing aids; speechreading; speech and language intervention secondary to hearing loss; visual inspection and listening checks of amplification devices for the purpose of troubleshooting, including verification of appropriate battery voltage) was listed on both scope of practice for audiology and speech language pathology. I believe this connection exists because of all the professional s, it is the speech-language pathologist with whom the audiologist may collaborate most frequently when working with children (Martin 405). Speech-language pathologists play an integral role in the treatment of and advocacy for children with hearing loss. Speech- language pathologist may be the only person available to provide the in-service training educators may need to properly handle students with hearing loss. Both audiologists and SLPs are strong advocates for the communicative advancement for children with hearing loss. Historically, the similarities in the backgrounds and early training of audiologists and speech-language pathologists have been parallel, and so audiologists probably identify more closely with speech-language pathologists than with other specialists (Martin 405). Slps and audiologist benefit from the ability to call upon on anothers expertise. For example, an audiologist will see patients because the speech-language pathologist wishes to know if some aspect of a communication disorder is related to a hearing problem. Especially in the cases of young, language-delayed children, the identification of a hearing disorder may play a large role in (re)habilitation (Martin 405). Collaboration among specialists can r esult in the proper planning of remediation. An audiologist may notice a voice or articulation disorder directly related to the inability of a patient to discriminate sounds or to hear a particular frequency range. They would refer this patient to an SLP. An audiologist should be careful to state their regarding the effects of hearing loss on a patients speech but should refrain from specific recommendations regarding speech therapy. Professional boundaries and proper communication are used for the maximum benefit of collaboration on each patients care. ReferencesAmerican Speech-Language-Hearing Association. (2004). Scope of Practice in Audiology [Scope of Practice]. Available from www.asha.org/policy.American Speech-Language-Hearing Association. (2007). Scope of Practice in Speech-Language Pathology [Scope of Practice]. Available from www. asha.org/policy.Humes, Larry E., and Fred H. Bess. Audiology and communication disorders: an overview. Wolters Kluwer Lippincott Williams ; Wilkins, 2014. Kushla, Karen J. Unite 1a: The Communication Chain. Kean University CDD 3259 Powerpoint LectureMartin, Frederick N., and John Greer Clark. Introduction to audiology. Pearson Education, Inc., 2019. Planning Your Education in Communication Sciences and Disorders. Averican Speech-Language-Hearing Association, American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, www.asha.org/Students/Planning-Your-Education-in-CSD/.

Notes On Russian Nationalism Essays - Communism In Russia

Notes On Russian Nationalism Nationalism in Music Prior to the 1830's, Russian opera and classical music was largely uninspired and derivative of Western works. While Italian and German music was well-known and enjoyed in Russia, the country had no distinctive classical musical style to call its own. Mikhail Glinka, commonly considered the father of Russian classical music, changed that. Glinka's compositions were powerful and distinctive, incorporating elements of Russian folk music. Glinka kick-started the development of the Russian Art Music style, which integrated components characteristic of Russian folk music and church hymns into classical music. He went on to become part of the Russian Five, a nationalist music group which utilized the Russian folk style, which was in itself influenced by polysylballic Russian speech patterns, heavily in their compositions. Nationalism Under Romanov Rule The Romanov dynasty, beginning with the 1613 election of Tsar Michael Romanov and ending with the 1917 revolution during the reign of Tsar Nicholas II, was deeply nationalist in character, with a primary objective of the state throughout the dynasty being for Russia to become one of the most powerful European nations, a difficult task considering that for much of this time Russia was far less advanced as a state than its European neighbors. Eventually, for a brief time, the Romanovs' various legislation aimed at improving Russia's economy and military paid off, when the French Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte attempted to invade the country and was defeated by the Russian Army, which had seen improvement over years of Romanov legislation preventing social stratification and forcing great sacrifice from the peasant populace. After this accomplishment, Russia was seen at last as one of Europe's great powers. The Industrial Revolution Depowers Russia In the wake of the defeat of Napoleon, Russia was seen by most as the most powerful continental European nation. However, all that changed with the Industrial Revolution. While the Industrial Revolution was beneficial to practically every country it touched, it effectively weakened Russia because it did not reach the nation until long after the economies of other European countries Rise of the Soviet Union In 1922, following a civil war in the wake of Tsar Nicholas II's abdication from the throne and the subsequent murder of himself and his family, the Bolsheviks came to power and established the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, or Soviet Union. Through the use of violenc The Soviet Union as a Superpower While the Soviet Union suffered great losses during World War II, strategic post-war arrangements that allowed the country to occupy and receive reparations from former Nazi satellite states gave the USSR even greater power and finally established it as one of the world's superpowers, a position it would retain until the early 1990s. However, shortly after World War II, the Soviet Union was regarded by its WWII allies less and less as a powerful friend and more as an extremely powerful threat. As the Soviet Union gained more stature and power, it raised what British Prime Minister Winston Churchill referred to as a communist iron curtain between Western and Eastern Europe, engaged in a nationalistic arms and space race with the United States, and participated in the long, potentially incredibly destructive Cold War. While life under Communist rule was, of course, difficult and dangerous for most Russians, it was also a time of great national pride for many. Russia had become the larg est state in one of the world's only two superpowers, gained enough power to destroy the world many times over and was treated as such by most of the world, and as the icing on the cake, the first human in space had been a Russian cosmonaut. The government of the Soviet Union was distinctive and dissimilar to those of other European and American nations, which greatly helped to destroy any feelings of inferiority Russians harbored towards the West in favor of national pride and superiority. Nationalism in an Independent Russia National pride in Russia has suffered greatly in the 1990s due to the collapse of the Soviet Union and subsequent steps and missteps taken by the new Russian government. Many Russians resented new President Boris Yeltsin's largely pro-Western foreign policy and disliked that their President was attempting to form alliances with, and was requesting aid from, Western nations that